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- <text id=92TT0164>
- <title>
- Jan. 27, 1992: The Names They Are A-Changin'
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Jan. 27, 1992 Is Bill Clinton For Real?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 36
- FORMER SOVIET UNION
- The Names They Are A-Changin'
- </hdr><body>
- <p> In a much repeated Soviet joke, an elderly Russian emigrant
- applies to re-enter his homeland. Under "Place of birth" on the
- form he writes, "St. Petersburg." Under "Left the country from?"
- he enters, "Petrograd." Under "Destination?" he puts,
- "Leningrad." Finally, under "Where would you like to settle?" he
- puts, "St. Petersburg."
- </p>
- <p> If that old man is still around, he has his wish. Lenin's
- statues have been toppled, and the elegant former imperial
- capital, built by Czar Peter the Great, has its historic name
- once more. So do dozens, if not hundreds, of towns, cities and
- now independent states throughout the former Soviet Union, where
- names that reflect the communist past have been declared non
- grata.
- </p>
- <p> The Bolshevik revolutionaries were hardly unique in
- renaming places to mark their arrival on the world scene; the
- French Jacobins even redid the months of the calendar. But the
- communists carried the process to extremes, both to honor their
- heroes and to Russify the hard-to-pronounce appellations of the
- territories, like Georgia and Central Asia, that they added to
- their polyglot empire. Thus, the ancient Azerbaijani trading
- city of Gyandzha became Kirovabad to honor Sergei Kirov (he got
- a ballet company too), who headed the Communist Party in the
- republic in the 1920s. Nizhni Novgorod was renamed Gorky, for
- the chronicler of the working class, Maxim.
- </p>
- <p> Sometimes the communist rulers revised their pantheon of
- heroes and cities as politics changed: Stalingrad, originally
- Czaritsin, became Volgograd after Joseph Stalin's crimes were
- made public in the 1960s. (Another Soviet joke: After the change
- from Stalingrad was announced, the Kremlin supposedly received
- a cable that read, I CONCUR WITH THE CRITICISM OF THE COMRADES.
- SIGNED: JOSEPH VOLGIN.)
- </p>
- <p> Now that Moscow no longer runs the former union, local
- governments are returning to traditional national place names
- that evoke far different memories. They are dumping the old
- communists: the city of Andropov, for Yuri Andropov, party boss
- from 1982 to '84, is Rybinsk again; Sverdlovsk, for Lenin's
- henchman Yakov Sverdlov, who approved the execution of Czar
- Nicholas II and his family there, has reassumed the proud title
- Yekaterinburg, for Peter the Great's wife, Catherine.
- </p>
- <p> The local governments are also reinstituting preferred
- names and spellings that accord with their languages: not every
- republic now uses the Cyrillic alphabet from which the English
- versions are transliterated. So Belorussia is now Belarus,
- Moldavia is Moldova, Kirghizia is Kyrgyzstan. Belarus says its
- capital is Mensk, not Minsk, and Ukrainians insist that Lvov is
- Lviv.
- </p>
- <p> The linked map registers some of the recent revisions in
- former Soviet names. But with 15 independent states all rushing
- to reclaim their national heritage, this is probably not the
- last word on the subject.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-